Photovoltaic (PV) is a technology that converts light into electricity using semiconducting materials. PV can be used for various applications, such as:

• Power generation: PV panels can be installed on rooftops, buildings, or ground to provide electricity for homes, businesses, or utilities. PV can also be integrated into building materials, such as windows, tiles, or cladding, to serve both aesthetic and functional purposes. PV can also be used in remote locations where grid connection is not available or feasible, such as rural areas, islands, or off-shore platforms.
• Indoor devices: PV can power small electronic devices or sensors that operate under ambient indoor lighting, such as LEDs or fluorescent lights. PV can provide a solution for the battery limitations of wireless networks and the Internet of Things. PV can also be used for portable devices that require lightweight and flexible power sources, such as wearable electronics or medical implants.
• Space exploration: PV has been a primary power source for satellites and spacecraft since the beginning of the space age. PV can provide reliable and long-lasting power for missions in Earth orbit or beyond, such as the International Space Station, the Moon, or Mars. PV can also enable high-altitude aircraft that can fly above the clouds and harness more solar energy.
• Agriculture and irrigation: PV can be used to pump water for irrigation or livestock troughs in agricultural fields. PV can also power milking systems, milk cooling, electric fences, or other farm equipment. PV can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and improve the sustainability of farming practices
• Transportation: PV can provide auxiliary power for vehicles such as cars and boats. PV can also be integrated into vehicle design to improve efficiency and performance. For example, PV sunroofs can provide onboard power or battery charging for cars. PV can also be used to power electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles that use both solar and conventional energy sources.